The Czech Republic aims to improve water management practices by prioritizing water retention in its "National Action Plan," with the goal of rectifying past mistakes that prioritized rapid drainage through extensive drainage systems for intensive farming. This historical approach resulted in significant water loss, estimated at around 10 million cubic meters annually.

Watercourse regeneration involves correcting previous alterations to return them to a more natural state, thereby restoring the original function of aquatic ecosystems. This process not only promotes ecological rehabilitation but also conserves water in the landscape, aiding in drought resilience and flood prevention.

Regeneration projects typically involve construction measures guided by a comprehensive plan developed by authorized water works professionals and informed by water consultations. These projects consider factors like river morphology, hydromorphological types, and historical watercourse patterns. They aim to design watercourses to match these characteristics, often incorporating hydromorphological and water analyses alongside nature assessments.

The Czech Republic has a planned network for rewilding rivers and streams, exemplified by the "Bukovka" watercourse regeneration initiative in the Živanice municipality. This project seeks to restore the natural shape of the stream, including the creation of seven small pools (three with flowing water) and wetlands to increase water retention.

Historically, the Bukovka watercourse was straightened and lined with impermeable concrete, hindering water absorption into the soil. Regeneration efforts focus on returning the stream to its original state to enhance water retention. Measures include roughening the streambed, creating meanders to slow water flow, and promoting the formation of wetlands and ponds.

Additionally, replacing concrete with natural materials improves water self-purification, as rough surfaces facilitate greater contact between water and the streambed, enhancing purification processes. This rewilding effort not only benefits the environment but also improves community well-being, providing residents with a pleasant space for relaxation. 

     The desalination facility in Valencia stands out as a prime model of technology integration with environmental consciousness. Situated in a coastal city prone to periodic water shortages, Valencia has adopted innovative strategies to ensure a sustainable water supply.

Strategically positioned along the coastline, the Valencia Desalination Plant taps into seawater as its primary source, alleviating strain on inland freshwater resources and catering to urban water demands. Utilizing energy-efficient desalination methods like reverse osmosis, the plant transforms seawater into potable water, aligning with urban ecological principles by curbing the carbon footprint associated with water treatment.

Several desalination plants across Spain, including those in Valencia, have embraced renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, furthering urban ecology objectives by advocating for sustainable practices and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy.

Efficient brine management practices are imperative to mitigate adverse effects on marine ecosystems. The Valencia Desalination Plant employs advanced brine disposal techniques to responsibly handle concentrated brine waste, minimizing ecological disruptions along the coastal zone.

The desalinated water from the facility seamlessly integrates into the city's water distribution network, offering a supplementary and sustainable freshwater source. This integration not only meets urban water demands but also eases the strain on conventional freshwater reservoirs.

Continual research and monitoring efforts play a vital role in the plant's operations. Environmental impact assessments and ecosystem studies contribute to refining desalination methods, and prioritizing ecological preservation.

Emphasizing community involvement, the Valencia project prioritizes public awareness and engagement. Educating residents about desalination's benefits and challenges fosters a sense of environmental responsibility, aligning with urban ecology principles.

Overall, the Valencia Desalination Plant sets a commendable example of implementing desalination technology to address urban water needs while upholding environmental considerations in a coastal urban setting. 

Around 300 square meters of walls across the University of Białystok campus in Poland have undergone a protective transformation using a specialized UV film. This innovative measure aims to mitigate bird collisions with glass surfaces. The collaborative effort between the university and partners such as the Polish Glass Traps Foundation, the Austrian organization BirdShades, and a local construction company made this pioneering initiative possible.

In contemporary architecture, the prevalence of glass walls, expansive windows, and reflective decorative elements poses a significant hazard to birds. Dr. Krzysztof Deoniziak from the University of Białystok's Faculty of Biology explains that birds perceive glass differently from humans. They may mistake their reflections for rivals or misinterpret shaded areas as safe havens, leading to collisions.

Professor Robert Ciborowski, the university's rector, acknowledges that the initial architectural design of the campus did not consider this threat to avian safety. Recognizing the need to harmonize with nature while preserving the aesthetic vision, the challenge was to find a solution that balances protection with artistic intent.

Conventional protective films often have visible patterns that are not entirely effective. Ornithologists have observed that dense patterns are required for effectiveness, regardless of their design. The ideal solution came from BirdShades, an Austrian organization specializing in bird protection, whose transparent film contains a UV-visible pattern that birds can perceive as obstacles.

The initiative, spearheaded by the Glass Traps Foundation, stands out for its scale, as few projects in Poland and Europe have tackled the challenge of protecting large glass surfaces using UV film. The partners emphasize the importance of raising awareness about bird collisions with glass and promoting preventive measures to mitigate this issue on a broader scale. 
 

Urban waste from Lisbon and 18 neighbouring municipalities undergo treatment and recovery through an integrated system overseen by Valorsul, a company jointly owned by private and public entities.

The primary electricity-generating unit operates by incinerating unsorted urban solid waste in three incinerators, each capable of processing 28 tons of waste per hour at a temperature of 900 degrees Celsius. The heat generated from the incineration process is harnessed to produce water vapour, which, in turn, powers a turbogenerator to generate electrical energy.

For every ton of waste incinerated, approximately 587 kWh of electricity is produced, with 89 kWh utilized for operational purposes, and the surplus energy is fed into the national electricity grid. Situated in S. João da Talha, this facility processes around 1000 tons of unsorted solid waste daily, providing enough energy to meet the needs of a city housing 150 thousand inhabitants.

Additionally, each ton of incinerated waste yields approximately 200 kg of slag, which is sorted. Metallic slag is recycled to serve as raw material, while other types undergo a maturation process, resulting in an artificial aggregate utilized in civil engineering projects, particularly road construction, as a substitute for natural materials. This product holds CE mark certification.

Valorsul operates two other units that produce electrical energy by burning biogas generated through the anaerobic digestion process of biodegradable waste. These units also yield an organic compound suitable for use in gardening, green spaces, and agricultural cultivation of trees and shrubs.

Collectively, the three Valorsul units produce an average annual output of 350 GWh of electrical energy. This electricity generation is derived from the mixed domestic waste generated by 1.6 million residents within the company's operational area, constituting only 20% of the total domestic waste produced nationwide. This suggests significant untapped potential for expanding electricity production from urban waste throughout Portugal. 

The establishment of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) dates back to 1961, with a primary objective of conserving biodiversity and advocating for sustainable environmental practices. Since 1966, WWF has been active in Italy, establishing the WWF Oasis System in 1967. These oases, among the earliest in Europe, constitute a multifaceted network of protected areas managed by a private association. They serve as sanctuaries for land and biodiversity conservation while functioning as educational hubs, fostering public awareness regarding conservation principles. The organization's endeavours are geared towards nature conservation and sustainable development in Italy, with a focus on environmental protection and biodiversity preservation.

Located in Italy's inland southern regions, the WWF Oasis "Lake Conza" encompasses 800 hectares and holds significant naturalistic value. Originating as an artificial lake, its construction commenced in 1972, facilitated by a dam designed for water accumulation from the Ofanto River, primarily for irrigation purposes. Operational since 1992, the dam encompasses a basin of 252 km², with a reservoir capacity of 63 million m³, serving irrigation and, since 2013, potable water supply purposes. Fed by the Ofanto River, which originates between Nusco and Torella dei Lombardi and flows into the Adriatic Sea, the Conza della Campania Dam plays a pivotal role in water resource management.

Designated as a WWF Oasis in 1999, Lake Conza holds national and international significance owing to its diverse avifauna, serving as a vital stopover for migrating bird species between Africa and Europe. Recognized as a Fauna Protection Oasis by the European Union, it is designated as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and Special Protection Area (SPA), harboring endangered animal species and natural habitats. The oasis serves as a sanctuary for various mammals, including badgers, foxes, and otters, with the most significant heron colony in southern Italy. It serves as a crucial migration crossroads for numerous bird species, including cranes, birds of prey, storks, and ducks.

The oasis boasts a rich flora and fauna, comprising approximately 140 bird species, including breeding and migratory varieties. Fishing is permitted year-round with government authorization, while access to the dam area is restricted. Managed by Dr. Marcello Giannotti, the Oasis conducts educational workshops, including "Tradizional-Mente" (Tradition-of-Mind), focusing on biodiversity conservation and traditional farming practices. It offers guided tours, environmental education sessions for schools, and various programs such as wildlife observation areas for ducks and canoe tours.

Accessible to the public, the oasis features two trails: the Nature Trail, offering a serene walk with an artificial pond and an educational viewpoint, and the White Stork Trail, leading to wildlife zones and an ancient orchard showcasing six apple varieties indigenous to the area. WWF's commitment entails expanding activities within the oases, enhancing their accessibility (including virtual components), organizing and participating in conferences and public events, generating project observations and documents, engaging in committees and councils, conducting events and awareness campaigns, reporting environmental violations, and providing adult environmental education.

In essence, the WWF Oasis of Lake Conza serves as a pivotal conservation site, boasting diverse flora and fauna while fostering environmental education and sustainable practices in Italy.

Biogas plants (BPS) represent a fundamental form of renewable energy sources (RES) currently in use. The primary energy source in BPS is biogas, a high-energy fuel generated through biochemical processes during the anaerobic breakdown of organic materials. These materials can include efficiently grown biomass, agricultural waste biomass, or municipal organic waste.

A BPS serves as a sustainable alternative to natural gas extraction, boasting greater environmental friendliness by eliminating waste generation that burdens the ecosystem. Within a biogas plant, a controlled fermentation process transforms moist biomass into biogas. This technology finds widespread application, particularly in agricultural cooperatives, where it efficiently processes liquid and solid livestock waste, as well as silage.

The output of a biogas plant comprises electricity, which is fed into the energy grid, and heat, available year-round. This heat is used in various applications, including household heating, water heating, and agricultural product drying. According to data from the Czech Biogas Association, there were 481 biogas plants in the Czech Republic by the end of 2013, with a total installed capacity of 363.24 MW. These plants accounted for approximately 20.7% of the energy generated by renewable sources, constituting about 2.5% of the nation's total electricity production.

Unlike wind or solar power plants, BPS is categorized as a regulated renewable energy source. Biogas can be stored, allowing for energy generation even under adverse weather conditions. Furthermore, BPS can process waste materials to produce electrical and thermal energy, contributing to the sustainable management of biodegradable waste in any given region.

A good example of a biogas plant is found in the village of Ostřetín, boasting an electrical output of 844 kW and primarily utilized for processing surplus agricultural production. This plant consists of three main components: a preparation area for mixing cattle excrement, slurry, manure, and biomass; two fermentation units where biogas is produced; and a digestion tank. The final components include an engine for gas combustion and a generator for electricity production.

All input materials undergo anaerobic fermentation in the reactor, resulting in biogas suitable for combustion in a cogeneration unit. The electrical energy produced is fed into the public energy grid, while the generated heat is used to heat the fermentation units and neighbouring facilities. Additionally, the remaining biomass serves as fertilizer for agricultural production. This biogas plant has received financial support from the European Union.

Overall, the operation of biogas plants significantly benefits agriculture in rural areas, creating new job opportunities, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and providing heat to nearby homes and businesses. Thus, biogas production offers both ecological and economic advantages.
 

Plaza Mayor stands as a vast shopping complex boasting over 155 stores and numerous dining options, conveniently located just minutes away from Malaga. Managed by Sonae Sierra, the centre prioritizes innovation and distinct experiences, embracing sustainability as a fundamental principle.

The Plaza Mayor gardens epitomize this commitment, designed to be both eco-friendly and sustainable. This dedication to sustainability began in 2010, marked by a series of initiatives demonstrating that it's possible to create a stunning garden with fewer resources.

Initially, the garden underwent a redesign, reducing the lawn area and introducing native plants. Subsequently, in 2015, the implementation of biological pest control techniques minimized the use of chemical pesticides, promoting the release of beneficial insects.

By 2016, efforts to enhance biodiversity led to the establishment of a stable monarch butterfly colony, further enriching the garden's ecosystem. In 2019, a shift to a naturalistic garden style introduced indigenous and Mediterranean species, adapted to local environmental conditions, significantly reducing water usage while fostering biodiversity.

Recent years have seen a concerted focus on promoting biodiversity through various measures such as bird shelters, water holes for small mammals and reptiles, and insect hotels to support beneficial insect populations. These initiatives have transformed Plaza Mayor gardens into a thriving ecosystem, teeming with diverse birdlife, reptiles, butterflies, and small mammals.

This ecological ethos is complemented by advanced technology, including computerized irrigation systems equipped with weather stations and humidity probes to optimize water usage according to garden needs.

Aligned with the Kaizen philosophy of continuous improvement, future plans include expanding the garden's fauna with species like bats and peacocks and enriching the visitor experience with educational activities such as guided tours and interactive paths to learn about the garden's diverse species while appreciating its beauty. 

San Giovanni a Teduccio, a Naples suburb grappling with significant environmental and socioeconomic challenges, faces a myriad of issues, including Camorra-related problems, environmental pollution stemming from abandoned chemical plants, ongoing reclamation efforts due to high pollution levels, the presence of non-swimmable sea areas due to the absence of sewage treatment facilities, and widespread poverty.

It's within this suburb that the inaugural solidarity energy community emerged. The "Energy and Solidarity Community of East Naples," established by Legambiente Campania, currently comprises 20 family units and aims to double its membership within the year.

The formation of this community of interest, consisting of 20 families, led to the establishment of the Energy and Solidarity Community of East Naples. A team of experts monitored the energy consumption of these families, creating a detailed breakdown of household expenses. The analysis began with identifying areas of wastage and devising strategies to manage energy costs effectively.

The Famiglia di Maria Foundation, an organization actively involved in the neighbourhood with educational initiatives for minors, generously offered the roof of its headquarters—a former 19th-century orphanage—to kickstart the grassroots ecological transition.

Utilizing state incentives, 166 solar panels were installed and connected to a new power station, which redistributes energy among the 20 participating families. These solar panels will channel energy into a specially designated station for use by the families involved in the project.

The activation of the East Naples Energy and Solidarity community's solar panels on December 17, 2021, generated 53 kW of power for the initial 20 families in the neighbourhood. The project aims to encompass at least forty apartments, as outlined by Legambiente Campania.

These families, many living in or near poverty and often dealing with 'energy illegality,' benefit significantly from enrollment in the energy and social community. It enables them to access the public and legal energy grid, empowering them as active agents in reshaping the neighbourhood's cultural landscape.

The significance of the East Naples Energy Community lies in its integration of environmental and social elements. This energy community champions innovation and social support for the local population, as savings accrued from renewable sources directly benefit families.

An important aspect emphasized is that communities and neighbourhoods must drive the shift away from fossil fuel-linked energy production models, leading the charge in the ecological transition.

Community Energy Resources (CER), defined in the February 2020 law (L. 28/2020), are independent legal entities comprising members/users residing near renewable energy production plants. They collaborate and share renewable energy resources.

The energy consumed by community members through devices installed at their homes is classified as "shared energy" and thus incentivized. Over the 25-year warranty period of the photovoltaic modules, the total incentives received, minus management expenses, are estimated to exceed €200,000. Additionally, real savings are anticipated, with lower electricity consumption across all CER members estimated at around €300,000.

Simultaneously, a training program focusing on renewable energy procurement methods and electrical consumption monitoring, along with building quality assessments in terms of heat dissipation, is underway. 
 

The rampant over-consumption and over-abundance of resources in the wealthy countries of the 'global north' significantly impact the environment. The issue extends beyond waste to the methods of production, particularly in the meat industry. Meat production and processing consume vast amounts of water and energy, and animal excrement pollutes soil, water, and air. Moreover, methane emissions from animal waste contribute to climate change. Large-scale deforestation, including the destruction of equatorial and Amazonian forests, is driven by the need for grazing land. Meat consumption exacerbates global inequalities and leads to serious health issues in affluent nations. Ethical concerns about animal farming and slaughter also persist.

To address these issues, efforts are being made to reduce or eliminate meat consumption. However, this is challenging due to entrenched habits and culinary traditions. Food waste is another significant problem, often hindered by legal barriers, such as those affecting school meal programs. Despite these challenges, there are positive examples of progress.

In the Polish municipality of Izabelin, a proactive approach has been taken to tackle food waste in schools. A buffet system allows children to choose their portions, reducing plate waste. Leftovers can be taken home in compostable containers. Additionally, the school menu is meat-free three days a week, with meat served only on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Non-organic disposable packaging and cutlery are banned in communal units. The municipality has also established food-sharing points in collaboration with an NGO and published a brochure titled 'Outcast Cuisine,' accompanied by zero-waste cooking workshops.

“Our daily menu is important for the sake of the environment and the fight against climate change,” emphasizes Dorota Zmarzlak, the Mayor of Izabelin. Although she is not a vegetarian and avoids extremism, she believes that the current consumption patterns must change. 
 

The frequency of floods caused by extreme precipitation has increased in Lisbon, especially in riverside areas, due to urban expansion and climate change. The Lisbon Drainage Master Plan (LDMP) aims to protect the city from heavy rainfall by constructing 6 km of tunnels, which will act as rainwater collectors, and by using interbasin water transfers to mitigate the environmental, economic, and social impacts of floods. The project is expected to be completed by 2030.

The LDMP also includes anti-pollution basins designed to capture the first, most polluted rainwater, which contains debris from the streets. This water is then transported to the city's three Water Factories for treatment. One of the basins will have a compartment to ensure a minimum flow of water to a mini-hydro plant, producing energy for the Alcântara Water Factory. Additionally, the LDMP plans to reinforce and rehabilitate the existing sanitation network.

Lisbon's three Water Factories—Alcântara, Beirolas, and Chelas—treat wastewater and rainwater using various physical, chemical, and biological processes to separate solids and remove organic matter, phosphates, nitrates, and pathogens. Some of the recycled water is treated with ultraviolet radiation and used for urban irrigation, street cleaning, firefighting, and industrial purposes, through a 55 km distribution network. The rest is safely returned to the Tagus River.

The potential for reusing this treated water is vast. When subjected to ozonation and reverse osmosis, it can even be used for human consumption, as demonstrated by the production of Vira brand beer in Lisbon. 
 

Gabions, wire structures filled with natural stone, have been utilized in construction since the era of Leonardo da Vinci. Studies indicate that gabions boast an 80% lower carbon footprint compared to concrete, owing to their environmentally friendly production process and materials. Their contribution to long-term environmental sustainability is manifold:

Firstly, gabions are 100% recyclable, making them invaluable for the planet. The steel used in their production, the most recycled material globally, is reused extensively in various industries. This contrasts starkly with plastics, of which only about 30% are recycled in the EU. Additionally, the stones used in gabions meet rigorous criteria for natural building materials.

Moreover, gabions exhibit exceptional durability, lasting for at least 50 years. They facilitate the growth of plant roots both inside and outside the structure, aiding in static improvement and reducing carbon levels in the air by absorbing car exhaust fumes.

The construction of gabion walls, such as the one in Teplého ulice, Pardubice – Dukla, involves gravel foundation strips beneath the structures, acting as water retention reservoirs. These reservoirs mitigate surface runoff during heavy rainfall, allowing better absorption by the soil. The embankments of gabion walls consist primarily of gravel, enhancing stability and rainfall infiltration. Waste stone material unsuitable for gabion construction is repurposed in embankments, minimizing waste removal.

Gabion walls are designed with curved alleys to impede noise transmission, preserving tranquillity for nearby residents. During construction, no trees are felled; instead, walls are contoured to minimize disturbance to root systems. Gabion structures foster biodiversity by providing habitats for insects, lizards, and birds.

For increased noise reduction, geotextiles can be incorporated into gabion construction, enhancing sound absorption and supporting climbing plants like Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Hedera helix. These plants contribute to cooling the environment and trapping airborne dust from adjacent roads, further enhancing the wall's environmental benefits. 
 

Forests in the Mediterranean region are pivotal ecosystems, offering various societal benefits, yet they confront notable threats despite their high environmental value. Recent shifts, attributed to traditional practices' abandonment and climate change impacts, underscore the need for innovative management strategies focused on preserving ecosystem services.

In Spain, the "LIFE RedBosques" program concentrates on restoring and safeguarding native forests, particularly within protected areas. The initiative aims to bolster forest ecosystem health and resilience while fostering biodiversity.

The primary goal is to ensure forest managers effectively incorporate biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation into their daily operations. Specifically, RedBosques strives to:

Establish baseline scenarios to assess Mediterranean forest conservation status.
Develop criteria and tools for designing and implementing forestry management practices in Natura 2000 Mediterranean forests, aligned with biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation goals.
Disseminate advanced knowledge to the target audience and stakeholders.
This project involves collaborations among environmental authorities, local communities, and non-governmental organizations. Key activities include native species reforestation, invasive species control, and measures to prevent and combat forest fires.

Furthermore, the program integrates educational and awareness campaigns to engage the public in sustainable forest management practices.

Camilla emerged from the collaborative efforts of the "Alchemilla" solidarity purchasing group in Bologna and the Campi Aperti Association, known for organizing markets featuring organic farmers in public squares. Drawing inspiration from the vibrant atmosphere of these open-air markets, Camilla was conceived to foster conscientious consumption by facilitating direct interaction between consumers and producers. This approach transforms consumers into active participants within a system that prioritizes the availability of fresh, high-quality products.

Inspired by models like Park Slope Food Coop in New York and Bees Coop in Belgium, Camilla embodies the concept of a "community store" aimed at promoting critical and conscious consumption. Operational since 2019, Camilla takes cues from successful cooperatives such as Park Slope Food Coop, which, founded in 1973, now boasts a membership exceeding 16,000 individuals. Similar initiatives have flourished across Europe in recent years, including La Louve in Paris and Bees Coop in Brussels, affirming the viability of this cooperative model.

Economic sustainability for Camilla is achieved through its membership base and the collective purchasing power of its members. By pooling their resources, members enjoy reduced prices on products without undervaluing the labour involved in their production. Camilla represents the pioneering endeavour of its kind in Italy, offering a unique consumption experience characterized by active participation and consumer accountability.

At the heart of Camilla's operation is self-management, with members actively involved in product selection, sourcing, distribution, and sales. Membership entails contributing three hours of volunteer work per month to support store operations. By relying on voluntary labour, Camilla maintains fair prices for producers while remaining accessible to its members.

Camilla primarily offers organic and sustainably sourced food products, including packaged and bulk items, with an increasing focus on fresh produce, cheeses, and meats. All products adhere to strict organic, ethical, and sustainable sourcing criteria outlined in the "Guidelines for Choosing Producers." The selection process is overseen by a dedicated working group committed to safeguarding territories and empowering communities.

Emphasizing short and local supply chains, Camilla fosters direct connections between consumers and producers, promoting transparency and mutual benefit. Members actively engage in various cooperative activities, including meetings with producers, public events, and discussions on ethical supply chains and participatory guarantee systems.

Since its inception, Camilla has grown significantly, with 56 founding members in 2019 expanding to 475 cooperative members today. Through ongoing engagement with producers and the community, Camilla continues to demonstrate the viability and success of the community store model in Italy. 

In Bialystok, Poland, a new initiative began in 2019 under the City Council's direction to replace traditional lawns with flower meadows or allow green areas to grow naturally. This approach carries ecological, aesthetic, and social significance.

"We aimed to introduce modern green maintenance methods that are also environmentally friendly, aiming to enhance biodiversity, mitigate heat island effects, and locally improve the microclimate while beautifying our city," explains a Bialystok City Hall representative responsible for greenery. Careful consideration was given to selecting seed mixtures, timing and intensity of flowering, and drought resistance. Priority was also given to attracting visiting insects and promoting micro retention of rainwater while cleaning the air of harmful particulates like PM10 and PM2.5.

The deputy mayor adds, "In 2022, Bialystok's floral meadows covered over 8 hectares, and this year, the area will expand by an additional 2 hectares, surpassing our initial goal of 10 hectares. We're nearing 11 hectares. We're also increasing the area of green spaces left unmowed throughout the growing season to 50 hectares, up from approximately 36 hectares last year. These efforts are aimed at enhancing Bialystok's biodiversity and protecting the environment."

Bialystok's meadows serve various functions and boast diverse compositions. Perennial meadows, including multicoloured varieties, cover 25% of the area, while antismog perennial meadows occupy 6%. Annual meadows, both butterfly-friendly and antismog, make up 17% and 36% respectively, with sunflower fields covering 6%, and the remaining area featuring other flowering species.

The floral revolution in Bialystok primarily benefits nature, supporting beneficial pollinators, urban birds, and other small animals. Residents enjoy beautiful spaces and a connection with nature while contributing to cleaner air and climate change mitigation.

Flower meadows also reduce the costs of green space maintenance by minimizing mowing and watering. These meadows are mowed a maximum of twice a year, saving both money and time, while also promoting better health. Studies increasingly highlight the harmfulness of unfiltered exhaust fumes from lawnmower engines and combustion blowers.

Moreover, flower meadows serve a promotional purpose, often positively depicted in the media, which helps advertise the city, its authorities, and its residents in a favourable light. 

The Monsanto Green Corridor extends over approximately 2.5 km, weaving through Lisbon's ecological framework with a network of trails spanning around 40 km. Encompassing an area of 51 hectares, it hosts a plethora of trees, shrubs, gardens, parks, and agricultural spaces. Additionally, it features various amenities such as a children's playground, a skate park, kiosks, cycle paths, and viewpoints.

This corridor links the central Parque Eduardo VII to the expansive Parque Florestal de Monsanto, renowned as Lisbon's "green lung," covering approximately 900 hectares. Apart from verdant expanses, Monsanto boasts three artificial lakes, a Wastewater Treatment Plant, and an Interpretation Center offering numerous environmental education activities.

Initially conceived in the 1970s, this green corridor stands as the pioneer among nine similar pathways that interconnect vital zones of the city. Its creation aligns with efforts to combat climate change and implement the Lisbon Local Biodiversity Action Plan, aiming to elevate biodiversity performance by earmarking 25% of the total area for green spaces by 2025.

Urban green corridors play a pivotal role in facilitating movement and connection across historical, cultural, and scenic landmarks while accommodating diverse activities ranging from environmental conservation to sports, aesthetics, culture, and recreation. They epitomize sustainable urban development by safeguarding biodiversity, curbing the formation of heat islands, and mitigating atmospheric pollution.

Moreover, the presence of cycling lanes fosters eco-friendly transportation methods, promoting sustainable mobility. Beyond their ecological significance, green corridors serve as essential social and cultural hubs, enhancing the well-being of residents through physical exercise and mental rejuvenation. Furthermore, they bolster tourism, thereby stimulating the city's economy, and fostering cultural engagement by providing access to outdoor amphitheaters and similar venues.

The European Union is currently revising waste legislation in Member States to shift towards a circular economy model, aiming to manage natural resources and material flows more sustainably. The circular economy takes into account the limits of our planet and aims to ensure the circulation of materials, reduce waste production and, through a change in production and consumer models, also create employment opportunities. Reusable centres, particularly if operated with a clear social mission like a social enterprise, offer significant societal benefits. These centres have considerable potential for job creation, as they involve manual tasks such as collection, sorting, cleaning, and repair. The emphasis on reuse and preparation for reuse is vital and will be reflected in waste management practices in the Czech Republic.

Items that would otherwise be discarded are given a "Second life," either repurposed or repaired for reuse. This not only allows households to acquire functional items, albeit older ones but also contributes to environmental sustainability. Reuse centres cater to a diverse clientele, including socially disadvantaged individuals, as well as hobbyists and environmentally conscious consumers who prefer items with a history. Moreover, these centres play a role in reducing social disparities.

Typically, reuse centres are part of larger "Collection yards" found in urban areas, where citizens can deposit sorted waste free of charge. Visitors to these centres can purchase items of interest for a nominal fee. In Chrudim, our city of operation, we have our own reuse center integrated into the Collection Yard. This initiative stemmed from an environmental-social project prompted by public demand. The Collection Yard and Reuse Center are managed by "Technical Service, Chrudim 2000 Ltd," with proceeds from sales supporting the city's dog shelter.

The establishment of similar centres is encouraged in the Czech Republic, with municipalities and other entities eligible for subsidies to build Reuse Centers aimed at waste prevention. Subsidies can cover up to 85% of eligible costs, with a minimum drawdown amount of approximately €20,410 in 2023. 

The Sustainable Urban Development Program, known as DUS 5000, was established to aid communities in transitioning to clean energy while addressing rural depopulation challenges.

DUS 5000 is a fresh initiative aimed at supporting clean energy projects in municipalities grappling with demographic issues. Funding is directed towards municipalities categorized as "demographic challenge municipalities," defined as those with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, or non-urban municipalities with up to 20,000 inhabitants where all constituent population entities have fewer than 5,000 inhabitants.

This assistance is geared towards fostering sustainable urban development in these municipalities, focusing on enhancing energy efficiency in public buildings and infrastructure, promoting green investments, encouraging self-consumption, and advancing sustainable mobility.

The municipality of Ohanes is set to become the pioneer in the province of Almería by implementing renewable energy installations to boost self-consumption through the DUS 5000 Plan. The Ohanes project entails the installation of photovoltaic solar energy systems for self-consumption across nine municipal buildings or infrastructures, including the Town Hall, water treatment plant, Sports Pavilion, Multipurpose Halls, school, and healthcare facilities.

To qualify for funding under the DUS 5000 program, projects must implement measures resulting in a reduction of anticipated CO2 emissions. Eligible measures encompass reducing energy demand and consumption in public buildings, installing renewable electricity generation facilities for self-consumption, establishing renewable thermal generation facilities, combatting light pollution, promoting sustainable mobility, and integrating efficient lighting and Smart Rural technologies. 

Local policymakers underscore the significance of this investment program in promoting sustainability and renewable energies within rural areas.

The agricultural cooperative "Lentamente" comprises a collective hailing from the rural province of Benevento, situated in southern Italy. This region witnesses significant emigration, with an average of over 5000 individuals annually relocating within this province alone. Such migration is propelled by various factors prevalent in rural areas, including transportation limitations, inadequate services, a dearth of quality employment opportunities, and a lack of diverse experiences. Many of the cooperative’s members have firsthand migration backgrounds and, after diverse experiences and years away, opted to return to their origins.

Upon coming back, the members have adopted a wider view of their home territories, embracing new perspectives: a landscape less affected by industrial cultural uniformity and, importantly, rich in intangible cultural heritage and ancient wisdom deserving of safeguarding.

The group blends agriculture with social elements, valuing both individuals and the landscape, addressing the needs of local residents by utilizing hands-on work and food as tools for inclusion and advancement. They concentrate on exploring alternative agricultural methodologies devoid of chemical inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.), invasive farming techniques, and excessive land exploitation. Their objective is to engage disadvantaged individuals, raise awareness among people with disabilities, inform families and society, and foster integration without erasing differences or assimilating identities. This not only enables participants to carve out a distinct trajectory for their future but also contributes tangible actions that enhance the value of the territory.

The Lentamente group has successfully conducted numerous initiatives and aspires to evolve into a genuine training and guidance centre in the agricultural realm, aiding victims of labour exploitation. This endeavour entails specialized training programs for local crops, such as olive tree or grapevine pruning.

In 2022, Lentamente was honoured with the ILC Award—a recognition bestowed by the International Land Coalition, the most extensive and inclusive alliance addressing land rights, serving as a global coalition of civil society, farmer organizations, and United Nations agencies.

Their product range encompasses wheat, flour, fresh produce, legumes, honey, hazelnut cream, pasta, and tomato sauce. Additionally, they operate processing and honey packaging facilities and presently manage several hectares of land where they also cultivate olive trees and grapevines to produce olive oil and wine. 

 Rewilding and restoring the natural shape of the Biała river in Białystok, a city in eastern Poland, capital of the region Podlasie.
The primary aspect of the project involved rewilding and restoration of natural ecosystem processes. Activities included meandering, or the creation of meanders and winding bends in a section of the river where it previously ran straight. This not only helped to restore the river's original character but also provided a more diverse and ecologically rich habitat for flora and fauna.
Additionally, an oxbow lake was reinstated, serving as an additional retention area to hold water during periods of heavy rainfall. This allowed the river to store water, effectively reducing the risk of flooding.
A damming penstock was utilized to regulate the water level in the river. This mechanical device controlled the flow of water and maintained the optimal water level in a given section of the river. Through the damming valve, it became possible to precisely adjust the water level according to changing weather conditions, thus preventing potentially dangerous flooding. Ultimately, this enhanced the safety of the surrounding urban areas.
The investment not only contributed to the creation of a visually appealing environment but also addressed the challenges posed by changing climatic conditions. With increasingly frequent and intense rainfall, the city's water systems were put to the test. The work on the Biała River aimed to adapt to these changes by establishing a retention reservoir that effectively managed the flow of water, thereby minimizing the risk of flooding.
The effects of the project became evident shortly after its completion. New species of fish, plants, and birds emerged, while naturally valuable areas began to attract residents and tourists alike. Infrastructure development along the river, such as bicycle paths, the restoration of the place's natural character, and the establishment of green spaces, transformed this part of the Biala River into a welcoming environment for Bialystok residents.
Funded by the City of Białystok's budget, the work took place in 2015 and 2016.
The reconstruction of the Biala River, undertaken by the City of Bialystok, was one of the three projects honoured in 2022 in the General Directorate for Environmental Protection's competition for the Polish Landscape Award. 
 

By the close of 2023, Lisbon's 24 urban vegetable gardens and farms spanned 16.4 hectares within the city's total area of 10,005 hectares. Alongside these municipal plots, there are smaller vegetable gardens situated in 70 public schools, serving educational and communal supply purposes, with some featuring hydroponic cultivation.

Urban agriculture has been a part of Lisbon's landscape since Roman times, with reports of vegetable gardens and farms dating back to ancient eras. However, their proliferation accelerated in the mid-20th century due to rural migration to the capital and a burgeoning subsistence economy. The regulation of these spaces became imperative with the urban territory's increasing real estate development and the necessity for strategic planning. Environmental considerations also came to the forefront at the dawn of the 21st century.

Presently, the 21 operational municipal vegetable gardens encompass 9.7 hectares and are divided into 850 cultivation plots, allocated through public tender. Allocation prioritizes proximity to the citizens' residences and the park, as these gardens serve not only agricultural purposes but also foster community interaction.

Beyond vegetable gardens, Lisbon's agricultural landscape includes a Pedagogical Farm spanning 2 hectares, designed to bridge the gap between rural and urban life, a 2-hectare vineyard operated in partnership with a wine company, and a 2.7-hectare orchard managed in collaboration with the Monsanto Prison.

Many of Lisbon's arable areas are integrated into the city's green corridors, such as the Parque do Zé Pinto in Campolide, featuring a biodiverse rainfed meadow linked to the Monsanto Green Corridor. Rainfed meadows, unlike grassy areas, are ecologically sound as they do not require irrigation and are abundant in vegetation that enriches the soil with atmospheric nitrogen. Currently, Lisbon boasts 5 hectares of rainfed meadows, contributing significantly to urban biodiversity and ecosystem equilibrium. 

The nature reserve known as "Na Plachtě" is situated in the southeastern part of Hradec Králové. Despite its uniqueness, its proximity to urban development poses a significant threat to its natural habitat.

"Na Plachtě" boasts an impressive biodiversity, hosting approximately 720 species of higher plants, 69 species of moss, 107 species of fungi, and 2,250 species of animals found in forest, meadow, or wetland habitats. Among these, about 107 species are protected under Czech legislation, with an additional 19 species of European significance. Some animal species found in "Na Plachtě" are rare within the Czech Republic. From both botanical and zoological perspectives, "Na Plachtě" is considered exceptional, with its uniqueness further accentuated by its proximity to the city.

Efforts to eradicate "Na Plachtě" date back to the 1960s, particularly during socialist urban planning initiatives. Construction of a sewer system for a large housing estate posed a significant threat in the late 1980s, prompting the relocation of protected animals before the project was ultimately abandoned.

Since 2008, various development plans have threatened "Na Plachtě," including proposals for residential complexes, warehouses, and office buildings. In 2009, STAKO Ltd. began land clearing activities, jeopardizing habitats of protected species by depositing 1,300 tons of waste in amphibian wintering grounds.

Conservationists have been advocating for the protection of "Na Plachtě" since the 1980s. In 1998, it was designated as a nature reserve, but the protection afforded by this designation was deemed insufficient. To address this, efforts were made to expand the protected area to include "Na Plachtě" 3 and integrate it into the Natura 2000 network of European protected areas. A public campaign, including a petition signed by 14,000 citizens, played a crucial role in securing the expansion of the nature reserve in 2012.

The aim is to preserve this unique natural paradise for future generations. 

Europe currently generates 300 million tons of waste annually, which could potentially produce over 30 million tons of renewable hydrogen. The HYIELD project, part of the European initiative to decarbonize the planet, focuses on transforming hydrogen — responsible for more than 2% of global CO₂ emissions — into green hydrogen.

Funded under the Horizon Europe call by the 'Demonstration Plant for Waste-to-Hydrogen Conversion,' HYIELD has received a €10 million grant from the Clean Hydrogen Partnership, which contributes to a total budget of €15.5 million. This funding supports the European Green Deal and the EU Hydrogen Strategy through the Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (Clean Hydrogen JU), which oversees EU funding and research in hydrogen innovations.

Green hydrogen is increasingly recognized in Europe as a key element for decarbonizing sectors like energy-intensive industries, aviation, and maritime transport. The project, involving 16 partners from six countries including Spain, France, Luxembourg, Norway, Germany, and Switzerland, will span four years.

The HYIELD initiative will feature a waste-to-hydrogen conversion plant at a CEMEX cement factory in Spain, employing WtEnergy Advanced Solutions’ CleanTech gasification technology and H2Site's membrane separation reactor. Over its course, the plant aims to process over 2,000 tons of waste, yielding about 400 tons of green hydrogen. This hydrogen will be utilized in various industrial applications such as clean fuels and fertilizer production.

Throughout the four-year project, integrated technologies and processes will convert biogenic waste into high-purity green hydrogen efficiently and cost-effectively. The overarching goal is to demonstrate the viability of green hydrogen in aiding the decarbonization of various sectors, including maritime and aviation transport as well as energy-intensive industries.

Gioosto, located in the province of Benevento, southern Italy, operates a warehouse that consolidates around 1,000 sustainable products from nearly 100 companies using organic raw materials. The company focuses on providing a carefully selected range of products that meet the growing demand for genuine sustainability.

Currently, Gioosto conducts its sales online, shipping products through a BtoB transportation system. Each product in the warehouse undergoes a thorough preliminary analysis of the company and its production methods. Gioosto is committed to reducing the environmental impact of goods production and adopts a comprehensive approach to tackling climate change, addressing both economic needs and sustainability.

Product selection at Gioosto is guided by the NeXt index, a sophisticated tool that has gained recognition and certification by the European Commission. The NeXt index evaluates sustainability across six pillars: Supply Chain, Environmental Impact, Workplace Conditions, Community Relations, Organizational Governance, and Customer Relations.

Gioosto's portal aims to create opportunities for innovative and responsible businesses, particularly small or vulnerable ones, by aggregating them and generating critical mass. The platform encourages consumers to "vote with their wallet," promoting sustainable practices and products. This approach empowers consumers to drive change towards a more sustainable economic system through informed production and consumption choices.

For producers, Gioosto aims to enhance resources and know-how for managing sustainable e-commerce, connect local best practices to strengthen networks and offerings. For consumers, it seeks to make sustainable products more accessible, offering a centralized portal that saves time and resources through aggregated, multi-sector shopping options.

Despite more efficient warehouse and transport systems available in Northeast Italy, Gioosto chose to establish its facility in a rural area of southern Italy, confronting the region's typical employment challenges. 

The City of Bialystok (Poland) has developed the "City of Bialystok Climate Change Adaptation Plan to 2030" as part of the government project "Development of Climate Change Adaptation Plans for Cities with Populations over 100,000."
This plan, which began formulation in January 2017 and spanned 24 months, outlines strategies to mitigate the impacts and risks associated with climate change. It is also a critical tool for securing EU funding for related projects.

The plan focuses on several key areas:

Water management
Transportation
Land use
Public health
It includes specific measures such as the expansion of sewer systems, construction of retention basins, and the development of green spaces to reduce heat. The plan also addresses adjustments for managing the risks posed by extreme heat (including tropical nights where temperatures stay above 20°C) and issues stemming from excessive rainfall, flooding, and water saturation.

The strategic goals of the Bialystok Climate Change Adaptation Plan are:

Establishing a Decision Support System
Setting up a Climate Change Adaptation Education Center
Enhancing the capacity of municipal services
Preparing for thermal hazards
Preparing for precipitation-related and flooding/underwater hazards
Integrating climate considerations into spatial planning
The plan proposes several types of actions to combat climate change effectively:

Organizational Changes: Revise local ordinances, particularly in city planning, to better manage climate risks, reorganize public spaces, enhance emergency protocols, and improve municipal services and early warning systems.

Information and Education Initiatives: Launch campaigns to raise public awareness about climate change and promote best practices for adaptation to protect the community.

Technical Measures: Invest in new infrastructure or upgrade existing facilities to shield the city from the adverse effects of climate change.
 

The city of Lisbon has 67 social neighborhoods, providing housing and fostering social inclusion for some of its most vulnerable families. Notably, three of these neighborhoods—Boavista, Cruz Vermelha, and Padre Cruz, the latter being the largest in the Iberian Peninsula with around 20,000 residents—were built between the 1940s and 1960s. These neighborhoods have recently benefited from a rehousing initiative aimed at replacing deteriorated structures with environmentally sustainable ones.

The new constructions are designed to be more accessible, with features such as ramps and adaptable layouts for potential changes in household composition. These buildings are equipped with advanced insulation to combat humidity and cut energy costs, solar panels for heating water, rainwater harvesting systems for gardening, optimally placed windows to enhance natural light, and systems that recycle bath water for flushing toilets.

Beyond the improvements in housing, these neighborhoods are integrating further enhancements that promote environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and local development. For instance, in Boavista, renewable energy installations include solar panels that heat the community swimming pool. Innovations like the “PediBus” pedestrian route and “Net-Verde” free internet service have been introduced to improve connectivity and mobility within the community.

Furthermore, these neighborhoods have initiated several environmental awareness efforts through the Eco-Bairro website and various digital channels, along with sporting and recreational events. Educational campaigns focusing on efficient water and energy use have also been launched to encourage cost savings, all overseen by community mediators. 

Tree alleys are an integral feature of the Czech landscape, serving multiple functions. They enhance landscape diversity, improve permeability, and boost aesthetic appeal while supporting biodiversity. Moreover, they highlight significant landmarks and direct visitors to natural formations, settlements, and various structures.

In Bohemia, the earliest mentions of tree alleys date back to the time of King Charles IV. The first documented tree alleys were in Prague, connecting significant sites, including Prague Castle. Most tree alleys were built during the Baroque period when the nobility used them to highlight the driveways of chateaux and courtyards. The treetops were often symmetrically pruned. Common tree species included Tilia (lime), Quercus (oak), and Populus (poplar). Chapels or crosses often adorned the alleys, while in rural areas, fruit trees were commonly used. During the reign of Maria Theresa in 1752, there was a mandate to plant trees along paths, recommending species such as Tilia, Morus (mulberry), Sorbus (rowan), Fraxinus (ash), Juglans (walnut), and wild fruit trees.

One example is the village of Sobětuchy, near the town of Chrudim. The village is situated at the intersection of the urbanized landscape of "Polabí" and the protected landscape area of "Železné Hory." This is the fifth most populous urbanized area in the Czech Republic, prompting efforts to restore significant natural landscape features. In this case, the "Perný kopec" tree alley was planted, spanning 656 meters. The goal was to restore a link between the neighbouring municipalities of Sobětuchy and Rabštejn Lhota, increase biodiversity, and provide a walking space for citizens.

In 2019, it was recommended to plant 78 trees and 520 bushes. The main species included Quercus robur (oak), Pyrus communis (pear), Malus sylvestris (apple), Acer campestre (field maple), Tilia cordata (small-leaved lime), and Prunus avium (wild cherry), along with five varieties of bushes. Subsequently, based on citizen proposals and following historical traditions, it was decided to build a small church element in the tree alley in 2020, the "Chapel of the Four Saints." 

In 2022, Zaragoza initiated the development of its Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Zaragoza 2030 (#PACCZ) as part of its commitments under the European Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy. Officially endorsed by the Government of Zaragoza on April 13, 2023, the Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Zaragoza (PACCZ) 2030 establishes a comprehensive framework for addressing climate change impacts within the city. This strategic plan aims to enhance Zaragoza's resilience to climate-related challenges and mitigate their adverse effects on public health, the economy, and the environment.

The response to climate change encompasses two primary approaches:

Mitigation to address underlying causes:

●    Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through measures such as enhancing energy efficiency, minimizing fossil fuel consumption, and improving waste management.
●    Augmentation of CO2 capture by establishing urban forests and similar carbon sinks.

Adaptation to manage the consequences:

●    Preparation for short, medium, and long-term climate changes.
●    Mitigation and reduction of impacts and risks to enhance the resilience of both the population and ecosystems.

Based on the risk and vulnerability analysis conducted for the PACES 2030, the plan outlines the city's current climate risk profile for the forthcoming decades. Notably, extreme heat and river flooding are identified as the most significant threats, with potential repercussions across various sectors and communities. Other moderate-level risks include extreme cold, droughts, winds, forest fires, air and water chemical changes, and biological hazards. Precipitation extremes and mass movements are considered to pose a lower level of climate threat.

The plan is organized into nine key action areas, encompassing domains such as human health, water resources, green infrastructure, biodiversity, urban planning, mobility, education, and research. A total of 47 measures are proposed, aiming to reshape the city's design and management strategies. Collaboration with other governmental bodies, organizations, and civil society is emphasized to leverage collective efforts and achieve shared objectives.

These action areas include:

1. Human Health
2. Water and Water Resources
3. Green Infrastructure, Biodiversity, Natural Heritage, and Protected Areas
4. Agriculture and Food
5. Mobility and Transportation
6. Territorial and Urban Planning, Building, and Energy
7. Education and Society
8. Other Sectors: Industry and Services, Financial and Insurance Systems, Tourism
9. Research and Innovation

As of the plan's approval in 2023, the initial project is slated for implementation in the coming months, marking a significant step towards proactive climate resilience for Zaragoza. 

     Benevento, though smaller in size compared to other Italian cities, holds significant importance as a central urban hub in the inland regions of southern Italy. Nested in the middle of the Campania region, and with limited urban and transport development nearby, the city offers access to natural areas and national parks just a few kilometers away.

In response to the growing encroachment of urbanization on natural spaces, WWF Sannio, in collaboration with the University of Agraria and with support from the Foundation for the South, has launched the "Sveliamo la Dormiente" (Revealing the Sleeper) project. The name "Dormiente" refers to the mountain closest to Benevento, which also hosts the current Taburno Oasis.

The project seeks to promote more sustainable use of the park by both occasional and frequent visitors. This goal will be reached by raising awareness of the park's facilities, services, products, and natural resources. It is expected that this will lead to greater engagement from both citizens and tourists. Essential actions to ensure the responsible use of park resources include:

●    Mapping, categorizing, and documenting trails, accompanied by the creation of electronic and printed maps.
●    Conducting trail maintenance through minor interventions to ensure safe usage.
●    Organizing events to promote awareness of trails and their associated environmental, historical, and culinary offerings.
●    Compiling an atlas of the park's flora and fauna, drawing on data collected from monitoring and conservation endeavours.
●    
A pivotal strategy of the project involves forging partnerships with qualified professionals possessing relevant expertise, local associations deeply acquainted with the territory, and key institutions responsible for public welfare management and conservation policies.

The scientific aspect of this collaboration involves the collection, monitoring, and analysis of data, enriching and supplementing shared knowledge alongside local communities.

Additionally, the project includes a range of initiatives such as seminars, educational activities, foraging, and training for future forest operators responsible for propagating native species, alongside promoting sustainable forest management practices. Effective communication efforts, including the creation of a website and a robust social media presence, are essential components of the initiative.

The Taburno Oasis serves as a cornerstone in preserving local biodiversity, fostering environmental equilibrium, and nurturing the presence of unique plant and animal species within the region. 

Public involvement in the development of renewable energy sources is crucial, as it helps mitigate the resistance often encountered by RES (Responsible Energy Sources)  investments. Wind turbines can provoke complaints about vibration and noise, photovoltaic farms may disrupt landscapes, and biogas plants can emit unpleasant odours. However, the perception of these nuisances can shift dramatically when residents share in the benefits of these projects, whether through wind energy, solar power, or methane production. One effective method to overcome local resistance is through the establishment of energy cooperatives.

An energy cooperative brings together residents, government units, or businesses within a community to develop new renewable energy installations or enhance existing ones using locally available resources. This collaborative approach not only spreads investment costs across a wider base but also enables the construction of more efficient installations, ultimately serving a larger number of energy consumers.

As of February 2024, Poland boasts 26 energy cooperatives, all focused on generating electricity from solar power via photovoltaic farms. Under the Polish Renewable Energy Sources Act, these cooperatives are permitted to engage in electricity, biogas, or heat generation exclusively for their own needs and those of their members. The allowable capacities are as follows:

●    For electricity: The total installed capacity of all RES installations should be sufficient for the cooperative and its members to cover at least 70% of their own energy needs, with a maximum limit of 10 MW.
●    For heat: The total thermal output should not exceed 30 MW.
●    For biogas: The combined annual capacity of all installations should not surpass 40 million m3.

Energy cooperatives established in rural and urban areas, serve as models for community-driven renewable energy initiatives. Notable examples include the municipal energy cooperative "Otwarty Jazdów" in Warsaw and the Michalowo Energy Cooperative near Bialystok in the municipality of Michalowo. 
 

Between 2017 and 2021, the city of Lisbon experienced a quadrupling of its cumulative photovoltaic capacity, increasing from 2MW to 8MW. As the third sunniest European city, Lisbon boasts abundant sunshine and optimal solar exposure on its building roofs, with a maximum of 40% solar exposure. This translates to an energy generation potential equivalent to 95% of the city's electricity consumption in 2016.

The Lisbon Solar Strategy aims to achieve 103MW (equivalent to 178W per capita) of installed photovoltaic capacity within the city by 2030. This goal represents a crucial milestone in the journey towards climate neutrality and the eradication of energy poverty by 2050.

Most solar panels in Lisbon are installed on public buildings, with some integrated into older structures, such as the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Lisbon. Others are seamlessly incorporated into the architectural design of new buildings, exemplified by installations at the Campolide railway station and the Solar XXI building of the National Energy and Geology Laboratory. The latter serves as a demonstration of energy-efficient building practices, integrating both active and passive technologies.

In the private sector, the Natura Towers office complex stands out as a beacon of sustainable development. Featuring photovoltaic panels on both rooftops and facades, coupled with a rainwater collection and storage system for nurturing a vertical garden, it exemplifies holistic sustainability principles in modern architecture.

The opportunity for small-scale producers to sell surplus energy to the national electricity grid has also emerged as a significant incentive for private entities to invest in solar panels, alongside available subsidies for financing.

Another notable initiative is the formation of energy cooperatives, enabling both individual producers and sole consumers to collaborate in sharing electricity production and consumption. Within this framework, the Lisbon City Council has planned the installation of a 2MW photovoltaic plant in Carnide, aimed at powering its own buildings and social housing units, emphasizing a commitment to community-driven energy solutions.

The Malaga Night Angels Association is an exceptional nonprofit organization dedicated to assisting the most vulnerable individuals in Malaga. As a free, secular, and nonpartisan association, it relies entirely on volunteer collaboration and donations of funds, food, and resources to carry out its noble mission of combating hunger.

Established in 2007 in response to the growing need for food assistance among the most impoverished, the association serves approximately 600 meals daily—breakfast, lunch, and dinner—to individuals facing homelessness or extreme hardship, 365 days a year. With nearly one million meals distributed annually, the organization also provides additional essentials like clothing, hygiene items, and blankets whenever donations permit.

To address hunger in the Malaga province, the association relies on contributions from individuals, local businesses, and institutions. Previously, those in need had to endure long queues outdoors to receive assistance. However, the association has diligently worked to construct a soup kitchen, ensuring that individuals can access meals in a sheltered and dignified environment.

The new soup kitchen, spanning 300m², stands as a testament to the association's steadfast dedication to aiding the less fortunate. Inaugurated on May 14, 2016, it now serves as the central hub where the association prepares and distributes meals to those in greatest need. The organization's tireless efforts are truly remarkable, leaving an indelible impact on the community.

Lisbon, famously known as the city of seven hills, presents a challenge for widespread bicycle use as a cost-effective mode of transport within the city. However, the Drive Impact cooperative, through its Ciclopes project, has been tackling this obstacle by providing specialized training to children and teenagers in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods on bicycle usage. This educational initiative promotes seamless and active mobility, fostering social inclusion and integrating individuals within the urban landscape.

The Ciclopes project's motto, "Flatten hills. Flatten bias. Fatten inequalities," encapsulates its core mission. While "Flatten Hills" symbolically addresses the geographical challenge, "Flatten bias" is pivotal in debunking the stereotype that bicycles are only for the economically disadvantaged. This prejudice, often prevalent among low-income populations residing in social neighbourhoods, tends to associate car ownership with socioeconomic advancement.

Moreover, "Flatten inequalities" underscores the project's aim of empowering teenagers to explore beyond their neighbourhoods independently, using bicycles to navigate the city's terrain. The project provides bicycles for loan, offers training on safe cycling practices and urban navigation, and facilitates bicycle maintenance and repairs.

Since its inception in December 2020, the project has engaged over 2,200 participants in more than 200 events, accumulating approximately 850 hours of activities. This initiative aligns with Lisbon's broader promotion of bicycle usage. Over the years, the city has expanded its cycling infrastructure, with the cycle path network growing from 90.5 km in 2017 to 173 km as of November 2023, during which Lisbon held the title of European Green Capital. Additionally, the municipal fleet of shared bicycles has expanded to approximately 1,600 bikes stationed across 130 locations, with affordable passes priced at €25 annually, €15 monthly, and €2 daily. 
 

Since its establishment in 1993, El Encinar, a non-profit association in the Zaidín neighborhood of Granada, has dedicated itself to promoting and selling organic, handmade, and alternative products. It serves as a vital hub for local organic producers and consumers interested in environmentally respectful food production.

Located in the vibrant heart of Zaidín, El Encinar's premises are open to both members and the general public during regular business hours, offering a firsthand glimpse into the association’s operations and ethos. The association is focused on promoting the production and consumption of organic, local, and artisanal products, and it emphasizes the importance of seasonal consumption.

El Encinar is deeply committed to fostering a more aware and ethical relationship with the land, animals, and people. It endeavours to close the gap between producers and consumers by organizing farm visits, providing transparency about product origins and costs, and offering daily essentials to its members. The project aims to maximize social benefits, self-management, and communal support.

As a pivotal link between rural producers and urban consumers, the association strives to keep local Andalusian products within the region, supporting organic producers and promoting a healthy, sustainable lifestyle. El Encinar stands out in the Granada community for its firm commitment to these principles.

The association prioritizes the sale of local and seasonal items at fair prices determined by its members. It focuses on products that are grown collaboratively with other producers, transported over short distances, and meet social standards such as fair trade and fair labour practices.

In 2009, the Social Cooperative "La Solidarietà" established a greenhouse and launched a sales outlet, kickstarting a project designed to facilitate the training and integration of disabled individuals, prisoners, individuals on alternative measures, and youth experiencing substance dependency.

The project emphasizes a variety of values, from social integration to socio-sustainable development, and promotes urban social agriculture as a catalyst for social cohesion. "La Solidarietà" practices social and organic agriculture, featuring a greenhouse and an outdoor vegetable garden. Additionally, it operates "Caffè dell'Orto," a venue offering daytime and evening social activities free from gambling machines. The initiative champions ecological practices, including organic production and rigorous recycling, aiming to achieve near-zero waste and hosting direct sales of its produce to local families.

This direct engagement with the community through the café, garden, cultural events, and children's parties helps those in personalized rehabilitation programs to interact continually with the community, enhancing their participation in all life aspects, not just employment, but also in developing relational skills.

As of now, the project includes horticulture, a bar, support for disadvantaged individuals (PTRI and Free the Penalty), an educational farm, and a summer centre. Since 2012, the "Participating in Freedom" inter-institutional work platform has been operational, involving the External Penitentiary Enforcement Office of the Ministry of Justice, the House of Benevento, the Diocesan Caritas of Benevento, the Municipality of Benevento, and various third-sector agencies.

From 2012 to 2014, 34 individuals serving alternative criminal measures worked at the Orto, significantly reducing their likelihood of reoffending by more than 75%, as documented in the 2014 publication "Participating in Freedom: Stories of a Sentence Gone Well."

Currently, the Orto is managed by the Consortium of Social and Agricultural Cooperatives "Sale della Terra," which seeks to invest in craft activities and support individuals from diverse social backgrounds in engaging in meaningful work. The agricultural endeavors aim to safeguard local territories and foster social cohesion by integrating vulnerable populations into the workforce and revitalizing areas at risk of marginalization and abandonment.

Straw has long been used as a building material, traditionally used for thatching, sealing walls in wooden structures, making clay-straw bricks, and filling house frameworks. A novel application, using compressed straw cubes (straw bales), emerged in the late 19th century with the invention of presses to create these cubes. However, this method gained significant attention only in the 1970s as an ecological and sustainable construction solution. Notably, the oldest straw-bale house in France, built in 1921, remains in use today, demonstrating the durability of this technology.

In Poland, the first straw-bale house was constructed in 2000. Since then, over 350 such buildings have been erected, many serving as recreational homes or tourist rentals. Typically, straw bales do not serve as the load-bearing structure but rather fill the structural frame, usually made of wood. This allows for a considerable degree of DIY construction, provided the builder has acquired the necessary knowledge and skills, as precision and avoiding errors are crucial.

Straw-bale technology is versatile, used as infill for timber structures, prefabricated wood-straw panels, or even load-bearing structures. It can also insulate roofs, soffits, and ventilated floors. The use of pure straw without construction chemicals results in minimal processing and positive environmental impacts. Straw is a 100% renewable, local, and biodegradable material. Its excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties enable homes built with straw-bale technology to meet high energy efficiency standards, making them appealing to homebuyers. Moreover, this technology shows promise for insulating passive buildings, as evidenced by certified projects in Germany and Austria.

Straw-bale construction is gaining popularity globally as an eco-friendly and efficient building method. Its benefits, including environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, durability, and diverse applications, make it a compelling alternative to traditional construction techniques. For example, straw bales were used in constructing a house in the tourist site "Settlement on the Sona River," following natural building principles such as clay and lime plaster, natural insulating materials, reclaimed wood, and fieldstone.

UpFarming is a non-governmental organization that promotes urban agriculture through innovative projects like hydroponic and aeroponic systems. With a focus on collaboration and technology, the organization primarily implements vertical urban vegetable gardens to grow fresh, healthy food in limited spaces. Additionally, it develops various initiatives to promote sustainability and food security in cities, such as workshops and educational activities.

One of UpFarming's vertical gardens is located in the Torres Novas Prison Facility, cultivated by around 40 prisoners and prison guards. The goal is to improve the prisoners' diet and support local families through food distribution. Prisoners receive professional certification in horticulture, aiding their social reintegration after serving their sentences.

In Alvalade, Lisbon, UpFarming is active at the Horticultural Park Aquilino Ribeiro Machado, named after a former president of Lisbon City Council. Here, the organization encourages people of all ages to engage in the complete process of growing food, which benefits individual psychological well-being and social cohesion.

UpFarming also implemented and co-manages a project called “From School to Table” at Basic School Dom Luís da Cunha. This holistic production system includes a horizontal vegetable garden, a vertical vegetable garden, an agroforestry ring, and a composting station. The food produced at the school is consumed by the neighborhood residents, and the cultivation process serves as a cross-curricular educational tool, contributing to the well-being of the school community and fostering a generation more aware of environmental and food issues.

Permaculture embodies a sustainable approach to cultivation, utilizing holistic principles to design, establish, and manage plant ecosystems. It is derived from the term "permanent culture," representing a comprehensive philosophy aiming at sustainable agriculture that mirrors natural patterns and processes.

Key tenets of a permaculture garden encompass:

Biodiversity: A permaculture garden integrates diverse plant species, fostering a natural equilibrium within the ecosystem. The amalgamation of plants with varied functions enhances the garden's resilience against pests and diseases.

Water Management: Emphasizing efficient water usage, permaculture gardens employ techniques like mulching with straw or leaves to retain moisture in the soil, facilitating water conservation.

Soil Care: Permaculture underscores the importance of nurturing healthy soil as a fundamental aspect of sustainable gardening. Practices such as natural fertilization, composting, and avoiding disruptive activities like tilling or removing biomass contribute to maintaining nutrient-rich and well-structured soil.

Integrated Farming: Permaculture advocates for sustainable farming approaches, promoting the cultivation of complementary crops that foster mutually beneficial relationships, thereby reducing the need for artificial interventions and supporting natural growth processes.

Preservation of Local Biodiversity: Permaculture gardens foster local biodiversity by attracting a variety of plant, insect, and animal species, thereby promoting the preservation of the ecosystem's natural equilibrium.

Education and Community Engagement: Permaculture gardens often serve an educational purpose, disseminating principles of healthy living and encouraging community involvement. Community gardens serve as platforms for sharing knowledge, skills, and resources.

By adhering to permaculture principles, gardeners not only reap the rewards of their harvest but also contribute positively to the environment and the local community. Permaculture yields can substantially fulfil food requirements, with surpluses potentially generating additional income through sales. Moreover, agro-tourism ventures frequently accompany permaculture gardens, offering revenue streams through property rentals, bed and breakfast services, and paid workshops on various aspects of organic farming and natural resource utilization.

Among the many permaculture farms in Poland is one managed by renowned permaculture author and educator, Monika Podsiadła, situated in the village of Podlodek in Michów municipality, Lubelskie Voivodeship. With proper preparation and knowledge acquisition, individuals can establish their own permaculture gardens with relative ease, whether in urban gardens or rural settings. 
 

Agrotourism, ecotourism, living museums, and eco-museums are familiar terms for those seeking a nature-centric getaway that minimizes ecological impact. This ethos is echoed by the owners of "Na Karczaku" ecotourism site, nestled in the Biebrza River valley, the EU's largest wetland and Poland's largest national park. They express their commitment to ecological consciousness and conservation in their approach:

"We understand the environmental footprint of tourism and strive, with your cooperation, to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive ones at 'Na Karczaku' agritourism farm and Ekomuseum, as well as along the Biebrza trails. Our farm and activities prioritize doing no harm, conserving, and nurturing biodiversity, natural heritage, traditions, and positive human relations. We aim to cultivate environmental sensitivity in our guests, promote eco-friendly lifestyles, regional heritage, responsible consumption, and align actions with personal beliefs."

These sentiments encapsulate the essence of ecotourism, which supplements rural incomes while safeguarding the environment and local culture. Beyond nature-based relaxation, ecotourism entails a range of engaging activities: 

Ecotourism is not only relaxation in nature, but also activities such as:
- workshops for learning to weave on looms,
- production of natural cosmetics using local herbs,
- meetings with herbs and herbal medicine,
- workshops of local crafts and handicrafts,
- workshops on building houses ("hotels") for beneficial insects,
- meetings with ecological lifestyle and natural gardening,
- making and possibility to buy local products,
- observation of ordinary life in the countryside.

In Poland, agrotourism thrives as a diverse form of recreation, drawing tourists locally and internationally. With its scenic landscapes, rural customs, and rich natural and cultural tapestry, Poland has emerged as an ideal destination for ecotourism enthusiasts.

Polish agritourism offers a spectrum of experiences, from mountain farms to coastal, riverside, lakeside, and woodland settings, catering to those seeking tranquility and nature immersion, as well as enthusiasts of active leisure pursuits.

Notably, agritourism in Poland is increasingly popular among international visitors seeking authentic experiences away from bustling tourist hubs, contributing to rural development and bolstering the local economy.

ReFood is an initiative that salvages surplus food that would otherwise go to waste and distributes it to vulnerable individuals and families through a community-based, volunteer-driven approach. This dual focus on combating poverty and food waste enhances environmental sustainability and fosters social cohesion. Originally launched in urban areas, this initiative has been replicated in Madrid, Spain, and Milan, Italy, and is being considered for implementation in Brazil and Virginia, USA.

The ReFood operation relies on a network of approximately 60 centres and 7,500 volunteers who recover unused food from about 2,500 partners, including restaurants, bakeries, and supermarkets. These volunteers are responsible for the safe storage and distribution of the food, ensuring that approximately 6,800 registered beneficiaries receive nutritious, high-quality meals.

Each month, ReFood rescues about 150,000 meals from being wasted, significantly reducing the environmental impact by preventing 1,000 tons of bio-waste from reaching landfills and decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases.

Furthermore, ReFood plays a crucial role in social inclusion by delivering nutritious food to those in dire circumstances and helping alleviate poverty and hunger. The project also achieves financial sustainability through economic efficiency, charging just 10 cents per meal and relying on community contributions of time, food, and other resources.

Another significant benefit of ReFood is raising public awareness about food waste and the importance of sustainable consumption and production practices. By educating the community on the detrimental effects of food waste on both the environment and society, ReFood encourages behavioural changes and promotes a more conscientious and responsible lifestyle.

SOS Rosarno, a Social Promotion Association, unites small-scale farmers, immigrant labourers, activists, artisans, and responsible tourism operators.

The association's mission is to foster solidarity, mutual respect, and non-violence, advocating for equality and social justice. It aims to overcome cultural, social, bureaucratic, economic, or physical barriers that contribute to disparity, discrimination, intolerance, xenophobia, racism, violence, and hinder true social and cultural integration, irrespective of individuals' origin, social status, race, gender, religious beliefs, or political affiliations.

Its primary focus lies in organizing citrus and olive production using organic farming methods, ensuring consistent employment for workers. While the association doesn't involve itself in commercial transactions, it undertakes coordination and promotional activities, particularly with Solidarity Purchase Groups and EquoSolidarity Shops nationwide. These efforts guarantee that participating producers adhere to project principles and conditions while directly linking purchase groups with producers.

By selling products at fair prices, higher than those set by large retail chains, SOS Rosarno ensures fair compensation for workers and producers alike. This approach serves as a small-scale model of an alternative economic system for Calabria, especially Rosarno, grounded in sustainability, fairness, and community.

Currently, the association relies solely on proceeds from product sales to Solidarity Purchase Groups. A portion of these funds sustains the association's operations, while the remainder supports advocacy efforts, rights promotion, and solidarity initiatives for seasonal workers who flock to the plain of Gioia Tauro during the fall and winter.

The organization currently empowers 56 workers liberated from mafia exploitation, representing ten different nations, alongside a network of 100 local small and micro-producers. 

In the Czech Republic, the Czech Federation of Food Banks oversees all subsidiary food banks, serving as their national and transnational representative and managing a central warehouse. These food banks, which are nonprofit organizations, gather food and distribute it to clients of charitable institutions, particularly aiding vulnerable demographics such as the elderly, families with children, single mothers, and homeless individuals.

Primarily, food banks supply provisions to those in need through charitable organizations serving clients, as well as through food assistance outlets. They procure food from various sources, including food retailers, food drives, the European Food and Material Assistance Programme, small-scale fruit and vegetable producers, food manufacturers, and the general public. In Pardubice, the Food Bank was established in 2015 with co-financing from the EU under the Operational Programme Employment Plus, aligning with social welfare objectives.

Numerous companies and organizations collaborate with the project, including LIDL, Makro, Kaufland, Košík.cz, Rohlík.cz, Charita Czech Republic, and the Ministry of Agriculture. Many organizations, primarily nonprofits like the Parish Charity Chrudim, which aids those in distress and provides intensive care, serve as members and customers.

Another nonprofit organization in Chrudim, SOPRE CR o.p.s., partners with the Food Bank of Pardubice, z.s., and operates its food assistance distribution point. Founded in 2007, SOPRE CR o.p.s.'s initial social service was a shelter for homeless individuals. Their target demographic includes abandoned seniors, single parents, families in crisis, homeless individuals, and those with psychological and physical disabilities who have limited financial resources. Twice annually, they participate in the National Food Collection, procure groceries from department stores, transport them to distribution points, and assist with delivery. The organization collaborates with the Department of Social Affairs of the Chrudim, Chrast, and Skuteč Municipal Authority.

The City Council of San Andrés del Rabanedo has taken the lead in the province of León by establishing the first "Smoke-free space" in April 2023, located at Antonio García Valladares Park. This initiative aims to create environments free from harmful tobacco smoke exposure.

Since 2021, the Association Against Cancer has been working to eliminate tobacco smoke from public spaces. Nearly 300 public spaces across Spain, attracting up to 2.5 million visitors, have been declared smoke-free.

This initiative focuses on creating environments free from exposure to harmful traditional or electronic tobacco smoke in open public and collective spaces, whether they are publicly or privately owned. The goal is to establish healthy environments that protect health and prevent illnesses, including cancer and other respiratory or cardiovascular diseases.

To ensure successful implementation, members of the Spanish Association Against Cancer have trained and raised awareness among some City Council workers. This training enables them to communicate the importance of respecting smoke-free spaces effectively, as they have frequent contact with citizens. This effort aligns with the Municipal Strategy for Health Promotion.

Following the establishment of this first smoke-free space, the municipality plans to create additional smoke-free areas in locations with a high number of residents.

The University of the Third Age (U3A) offers a dynamic lifelong learning program specifically tailored for seniors, focusing on keeping their minds active and engaged. The primary goal is to provide academic-level information and skills to those who are no longer in the workforce, emphasizing the benefits of intergenerational learning. Through these programs, seniors can access up-to-date knowledge in fields such as history, medicine, and culture, delivered in a university-standard setting. This educational engagement helps maintain their mental agility and well-being, enriches their knowledge base, and importantly, combats social isolation.

Typically, U3A programs cater to individuals who are of retirement age and possess at least a secondary education diploma. However, war veterans who fought for the country's freedom are eligible to enroll without needing to meet the usual educational prerequisites. Many retirees are physically and mentally robust, eager to learn more about the world, and keen to pursue new personal goals despite their age.

For instance, the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague offers courses on economics, agronomy, and agricultural economics, focusing on regions like the tropics and subtropics. While these studies do not equate to a full higher education degree, they do culminate in a certificate of completion, offering general, non-professional education at a university level to older adults.

Participants in the U3A do not hold the status of traditional students but are granted access to university facilities such as libraries, computer labs, swimming pools, and gyms during their course. The curriculum typically spans four semesters, with each semester including 12 lectures supplemented by excursions and workshops. Upon completion, participants are honoured with a certificate during a graduation ceremony held in the university auditorium. Although there is a nominal tuition fee, attendees are expected to meet attendance requirements and complete regular assessments. Graduates may also pursue further educational opportunities post-completion.

Programs similar to those offered by the Czech University of Life Sciences are also available at Charles University in Prague among other institutions. In addition, the city of Chrudim collaborates with the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, providing logistical support such as registration and transport to events, with Municipal Library staff often accompanying graduates to their certification ceremonies.

The association “Let´s go for a trip!” is a non-profit organization that was established in 2014 and implements leisure activities for seniors over 65 years of age. As they say themselves: "Our mission is a ruthless fight against the loneliness of seniors and an effort to replace it with joy, getting to know new places and friends from all generations."
During the implementation period, the association came into contact with at least 5,000 seniors while organizing leisure activities connected with educational activities. They present the issue of the older generation to the general public, cooperate with other non-profit organizations, and organize events related to private educational activities. They focus their activities mainly on prevention and education of the senior population.
A very popular activity is the organization of many interesting trips to the surroundings. The trips are one-day, so that they are manageable for all interested parties and, above all, affordable and safe. They are always perfectly secured by experienced guides and medical escorts from the ranks of young volunteers. Seniors with various health limitations, poorer mobility or wheelchair users often participate.
With the help of young people, everyone can do it, and thanks to these activities, they will see places that they would definitely not know.
As part of the association's activities, seniors meet not only their peers, volunteers, but also preschool children, during intergenerational activities. These meetings deepen social ties and create conditions for intergenerational rapprochement.
Another area that greatly helps seniors is the support of self-sufficiency of seniors. These are regularly informed in the field of social services, pointing out various dangers related to new technologies, but also about a healthy lifestyle and suitable activities offered.
Every year, the association organizes a Senior festival. On average, around 1,000 seniors visit it. Of this, at least half of the people will be gathered by the association from many different regions, including people with medical disabilities.
The activities of the association are supported by many partners and voluntary donors. Important partners are, for example, the EU, MAS Chrudimsko, the city of Chrudim, the city of Chrast, Ecomonitor, the Pardubice Region and others.

Fuori di Zucca, established in 2016 as a social promotion association (APS) in Perugia's historic centre, emerged from an idea by the NGO Tamat in collaboration with the association Fiorivano le Viole. Its mission is to advocate for food sovereignty by promoting direct relationships between producers and consumers, fair compensation along the production chain, ethical and sustainable practices, and sharing information on the connection between food and health, fostering social cooperation.

The association's primary activity centres around the Solidarity Purchasing Group (G.A.S.). These groups are formed by individuals who join forces to collectively purchase food and everyday items. Operating on the principle of solidarity, G.A.S. prioritize small, local producers committed to environmental and social responsibility, fostering direct relationships with them.

In 2016, a small group of five individuals initiated the G.A.S. with the aim of building a community dedicated to conscious and alternative consumption. They established the guiding principles of the group, emphasizing direct consumer management, mutual trust in producer-consumer relationships, ongoing dialogue, and active participation in G.A.S. activities.

Fuori di Zucca's G.A.S. addresses the logistical challenge of sourcing "healthy" products from nearby countryside areas, even within the complex urban landscape of Perugia's historic centre. Through collective volunteer management and a decision not to mark up product prices, the G.A.S. remains economically accessible, countering the misconception perpetuated by large-scale retail chains that "organic" equates to "expensive" and is only accessible to affluent consumers.

Since 2018, Fuori di Zucca has expanded its initiatives with "Fuori Dispensa," which provides weekly food support to those in need by leveraging contributions from members and producers, ensuring access to G.A.S. products.